Multiple Organizations in Oracle ® Applications Release 11i March 2002

Multiple Organizations in Oracle^® Applications Release 11i

The part number for this book is A81174-02.

Copyright © 1996, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Primary Authors: Melanie Heisler, Gail D'Aloisio, Christopher Andrews

Major Contributors: Uma Maheswari, Dylan Wan

Contributors: Craig Brennan, Marcio Soares

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	Contents
	Preface
Chapter 1	Overview Overview      Basic Business Needs      Major Features      Multiple Organizations in a Single Installation      Types of Organizations      Human Resources Organization Model      Accounting / Distribution / Materials Management Organization Model      Controlling Secure Access      Sell And Ship Products From Different Legal Entities      Intercompany Accounting      Report at the Legal Entity or Set of Books Level      Multiple Organizations in European Implementations
Chapter 2	Multiple Organizations Setup and Implementation      Setting Up a Multiple Organization Enterprise           Implementing Multiple Organization Support           Information Shared Across Organizations           Information Specific to Each Operating Unit      Changing the Organization Structure      Adding a New Operating Unit      Multi-Org Setup Validation Report           Report Parameters           Report Sections           Active Responsibilities Only           Customers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes           Suppliers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes           Profile Option Errors and Warnings
Chapter 3	Intercompany Accounting      Intercompany Invoicing           Basic Business Needs           Major Features           Intercompany Invoicing Accounting Details           Prerequisites           User Procedures           Process Flow for Intercompany Invoicing      Create Intercompany AR Invoices           Process Submission           Process Parameters      Create Intercompany AP Invoices           Process Submission           Process Parameters      Define Intercompany Relations           Prerequisites
Chapter 4	Technical Overview      Multiple Organization Support Technical Overview           The APPS Schema           Multiple Organization Tables           Matching Synonyms in the APPS Schema           RDBMS Variable           Database Diagram           Convert to Multiple Organizations           Seed Data Replication           Multiple Organizations Reporting API           Implementation Steps           Multiple Organizations Reporting API           Limitations of Multiple Organization Support           General Limitations           Limitations on Multiple Operating Units per Set of Books
Chapter 5	Reporting      Overview of Multiple Organizations Reporting           Running Reports           Example           Reports
Appendix A	Navigation Paths      Multiple Organization Navigation Paths
Appendix B	Account Generator      Using the Account Generator to Generate the Intercompany COGS Account           Decide How to Use the Account Generator           The Default Account Generator Process           Generate Account Using FlexBuilder Rules Process           Customizing the Account Generator           Attributes for the Inventory COGS Account Process
	Glossary
	Index

Preface

Audience for This Guide
	Welcome to Release 11i of Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications. This user guide includes the information you need to work with Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications effectively. It contains detailed information about the following: Overview and reference information System setup for Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications A description of intercompany accounting in Oracle Applications A technical overview of Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications Multiple Organizations Reporting See Other Information Sources for more information about Oracle Applications product information.
How To Use This Guide
	This guide contains the information you need to understand and use Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications. This preface Explains how this user guide is organized and introduces other sources of information that can help you. This guide contains the following chapters: Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications. Chapter 2 describes how to set up Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications. Chapter 3 describes how intercompany accounting works in a Multiple Organizations installation. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the technical architecture of Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications. Chapter 5 provides an overview of Multiple Organizations Reporting. The appendices include the following information: Default navigation paths for windows described in this guide Instructions for using the Account Generator to generate the intercompany Cost of Goods Sold account
Documentation Accessibility
	Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to facilitated access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle Corporation is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site at http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/.
Accessibility of Code Example in Documentation
	JAWS, a Windows screen reader, may not always correctly read the code examples in this document. The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line; however, JAWS may not always read a line of text that consists solely of a bracket or brace.
Other Information Sources
	You can choose from many sources of information, including online and printed documentation, training, and support services, to increase your knowledge and understanding of Oracle Applications. If this guide refers you to other Oracle Applications documentation, use only the Release 11i versions of those guides unless we specify otherwise.
Online Documentation
	Most Oracle Applications documentation is available online (HTML and PDF). Online Help is translated into over twenty languages. Electronic Technical Reference Manuals (eTRM) are available through the Metalink Web site provided by Oracle Support Services. The HTML version of this guide is optimized for onscreen reading and may contain information that was not available when this guide was printed.
Related User Guides
	You may want to refer to other user guides when you set up and use Multiple Organizations. You can read the guides online by choosing Library from the expandable menu on your HTML help window, by reading from the Oracle Applications Document Library CD included in your media pack, or by using a Web browser with a URL that your system administrator provides. If you require printed guides, you can purchase them from the Oracle store at http://oraclestore.oracle.com.
User Guides Related to All Products
	Oracle Applications User Guide This guide explains how to navigate the system, enter data, and query information, and introduces other basic features of the GUI available with this release of Oracle Applications. You can also access this user guide online by choosing "Getting Started and Using Oracle Applications" from the Oracle Applications help system.
User Guides Related to This Product
	User Guides for Other Oracle Financial Applications Products When you install and use Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications, you will probably want to refer to the user guides for each of the financial applications you have installed, such as Oracle General Ledger, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, Oracle HRMS, Oracle Assets, and Oracle Projects. Oracle Applications Flexfields Guide This manual provides flexfields planning, setup, and reference information for your implementation team, as well as for users responsible for the ongoing maintenance of Oracle Applications product data. This manual also provides information on creating custom reports on flexfields data. Oracle Alert User Guide This manual explains how to define periodic and event alerts to monitor, the status of your Oracle Applications data.
Installation and System Administration Guides
	Oracle Applications Concepts This guide provides an introduction to the concepts, features, technology stack, architecture, and terminology for Oracle Applications Release 11i. It provides a useful first book to read before an installation of Oracle Applications. This guide also introduces the concepts behind, and major issues, for Applications-wide features such as Business Intelligence (BIS), languages and character sets, and self-service applications. Installing Oracle Applications This guide provides instructions for managing the installation of Oracle Applications products. In Release 11i, much of the installation process is handled using Oracle RapidInstall, which minimizes the time it takes to install Oracle Applications and the Oracle 8i Server technology stack by automating many of the required steps. This guide contains instructions for using Oracle RapidInstall and lists the tasks you need to perform to finish your installation. You should use this guide in conjunction with individual product user guides and implementation guides. Upgrading Oracle Applications Refer to this guide if you are upgrading your Oracle Applications Release 10.7 or Release 11.0 products to Release 11i. This guide describes the upgrade process in general and lists database upgrade and product-specific upgrade tasks. You must be at either Release 10.7 (NCA, SmartClient, or character mode) or Release 11.0 to upgrade to Release 11i. You cannot upgrade to Release 11i directly from releases prior to 10.71. Maintaining Oracle Applications Use this guide to help you run the various AD utilities, such as AutoUpgraqe, AutoPatch, AD Administration, AD Controller, Relink, and others. Jt contains how-to steps, screenshots, and other information that you need to run the AD utilities. Oracle Applications Product Update Notes Use this guide as a reference if you are responsible for upgrading an installation of Oracle Applications. It provides a history of the changes to individual Oracle Applications products between Release 11.0 and Release 11i. It includes new features and enhancements and changes made to database objects, profile options, and seed data for this interval. Oracle Applications System Administrator's Guide This guide provides planning and reference information for the Oracle Applications System Administrator. It contains information on how to define security, customize menus and online help, and manage processing. You can order a technical reference guide for any product you have licensed. Technical reference guides are available in paper format only. Oracle Workflow Guide This guide explains how to define new workflow business processes as well as customize existing Oracle Applications-embedded workflow processes. You also use this guide to complete the setup steps necessary for any Oracle Applications product that includes workflow-enabled processes. Oracle Applications Electronic Technical Reference Manuals (eTRM) These reference guides contain database diagrams and detailed descriptions of database tables, forms, reports, and programs for Oracle Applications. This information helps you convert data from your existing applications, integrate Oracle Applications with non-Oracle applications, and write custom reports for Oracle Applications. Electrofiic Technical Reference Manuals (eTRM) are available through the Metalink Web site provided by Oracle Support Services.
Training and Support
	Training We offer a complete set of training courses to help you and your staff master Oracle Applications. We can help you develop a training plan that provides thorough training for both your project team and your end users. We will work with you to organize courses appropriate to your job or area of responsibility. Training professionals can show you how to plan your training throughout the implementation process so that the right amount of information is delivered to key people when they need it the most. You can attend courses at any one of our many Educational Centers, or you can arrange for our trainers to teach at your facility. We also offer Net classes, where training is delivered over the Internet, and many multimedia-based courses on CD. In addition, we can tailor standard courses or develop custom courses to meet your needs. Support From on-site support to central support, our team of experienced professionals provides the help and information you need to keep Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications working for you. This team includes your Technical Representative, Account Manager, and Oracle's large staff of consultants and support specialists with expertise in your business area, managing an Oracle server, and your hardware and software environment.
Do Not Use Database Tools to Modify Oracle Applications Data
	We STRONGLY RECOMMEND that you never use SQL*Plus, Oracle Data Browser, database triggers, or any other tool to modify Oracle Applications tables, unless we tell you to do so in our guides. Oracle provides powerful tools you can use to create, store, change, retrieve, and maintain information in an Oracle database. But if you use Oracle tools such as SQL*Plus to modify Oracle Applications data, you risk destroying the integrity of your data and you lose the ability to audit changes to your data. Because Oracle Applications tables are interrelated, any change you make using an Oracle Applications form can update many tables at once. But when you modify Oracle Applications data using anything other than Oracle Applications forms, you might change a row in one table without making corresponding changes in related tables. If your tables get out of synchronization with each other, you risk retrieving erroneous information and you risk unpredictable results throughout Oracle Applications. When you use Oracle Applications forms to modify your data, Oracle Applications automatically checks that your changes are valid. Oracle Applications also keeps track of who changes information. But, if you enter information into database tables using database tools, you may store invalid information. You also lose the ability to track who has changed your information because SQL*Plus and other database tools do not keep a record of changes.
About Oracle
	Oracle Corporation develops and markets an integrated line of software products for database management, applications development, decision support and office automation, as well as Oracle Applications. Oracle Applications provides the E-business Suite, a fully integrated suite of more than 70 software modules for financial management, Internet procurement, business intelligence, supply chain management, manufacturing, project systems, human resources and sales and service management. Oracle products are available for mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers, network computers, and personal digital assistants, enabling organizations to integrate different computers, different operating systems, different networks, and even different database management systems, into a single, unified computing and information resource. Oracle is the world's leading supplier of software for information management, and the world's second largest software company. Oracle offers its database, tools, and application products, along with related consulting, education and support services, in over 145 countries around the world.
Your Feedback
	Thank you for using Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications and this user guide. We value your comments and feedback. This guide contains a Reader's Comment Form you can use to explain what you like or dislike about Multiple Organizations or this user guide. Mail your comments to the following address or call us directly at (650) 506-7000. Oracle Applications Documentation Manager Oracle Corporation 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A. Or, send electronic mail to appsdoc@us.oracle.com.

C H A P T E R 1	Overview This chapter introduces you to the basic concepts of Multiple Organizations in Oracle Applications and describes how to model your complex enterprise with multiple organizations. It includes discussions of: Types of organizations Controlling access Selling, shipping, purchasing, and receiving Intercompany accounting Reporting at the legal entity or set of books level
Overview
	The Oracle Applications organization models define organizations and the relationships among them in arbitrarily complex enterprises. This organization model serves as the cornerstone for all of the Oracle Applications products. It dictates how transactions flow through different organizations and how those organizations interact with each other. Generally, a complex enterprise has several organization structures, such as Internal, Accounting, and Human Resources. You are able to define different structures to customize Oracle Applications according to your business needs.
Basic Business Needs
	Oracle Applications provides you with the features you need to satisfy the following basic business needs: Use a single installation of any Oracle Applications product to support any number of organizations, even if those organizations use different sets of books. Define different organization models Support any number of legal entities within a single installation of Oracle Applications. Secure access to data so that users can access only the information that is relevant to them. Sell products from a legal entity that uses one set of books and ship them from another legal entity using a different set of books, and automatically record the appropriate intercompany sales by posting intercompany accounts payable and accounts receivable invoices. Purchase products through one legal entity and receive them in another legal entity.
Major Features
	Multiple Organizations in a Single Installation You can define multiple organizations and the relationships among them in a single installation of Oracle Applications. These organizations can be sets of books, business groups, legal entities, operating units, or inventory organizations. Secure Recess You can assign users to particular organizations. This ensures accurate transactions in the correct operating unit. Sell And Ship Products From Different Legal Entities You can sell from one legal entity and ship from another, posting to each organization's set of books. Receive Goods Into Any Inventory Organization You can enter purchase orders and assign for receipt any inventory organization that uses the same set of books. Your purchase order operating unit and receiving inventory organization must share the same set of books to receive against a purchase order. Automatic Accounting for Internal Requisitions You can create an internal requisition (sales order) in one organization, then ship from another organization, with correct intercompany invoicing. Multiple Organizations Reporting You can set up your Oracle Applications implementation to allow reporting across operating units by setting up the top reporting level. You can run your reports at the set of books level, legal entity level, or operating unit level
Multiple Organizations in a Single Installation
	You can support multiple organizations running any Oracle Applications product with a single installation. When you run any Oracle Applications product, you first choose an organization—either implicitly by choosing a responsibility, or explicitly in a Choose Organization window. Each window and report then displays information for your organization only. Organizations that share the same functional currency, Accounting Flexfield structure, and calendar can post to the same set of books.
Types of Organizations
	You can define organizations and the relationships among them. Set of Books A financial reporting entity that uses a particular chart of accounts, functional currency, and accounting calendar. Oracle General Ledger secures transaction information (such as journal entries and balances) by set of books. When you use Oracle General Ledger, you choose a responsibility that specifies a set of books. You then see information for that set of books only. Business Group The business group represents the highest level in the organization structure, such as the consolidated enterprise, a major division, or an operation company. The business group secures human resources information. For example, when you request a list of employees, you see all employees assigned to the business group of which your organization is a part. Note: This is true in all applications except the HR applications, which support more granular security by a lower-level organization unit, the security profile. Multiple sets of books can share the same business group if they share the same business group attributes, including HR flexfield structures. Legal Entity A legal company for which you prepare fiscal or tax reports. You assign tax identifiers and other legal entity information to this type of organization. Note: There are currently only a few features provided for legal entities, such as intrastat movement reports and intercompany invoice generation. Balancing Entity Represents an accounting entity for which you prepare financial statements. This is a segment in the Accounting Flexfield structure (usually the Company segment) at which all accounting entries must balance. There may be multiple companies within the same structure, and each of these must balance within itself. Each legal entity can have one or more balancing entities. You can use Flexfield Value Security rules to restrict data entry of balancing segment values by legal entity or operating unit. Operating Unit An organization that uses Oracle Cash Management, Order Management and Shipping Execution, Oracle Payables, Oracle Purchasing, and Oracle Receivables. It may be a sales office, a division, or a department. An operating unit is associated with a legal entity. Information is secured by operating unit for these applications. Each user sees information only for their operating unit. To run any of these applications, you choose a responsibility associated with an organization classified as an operating unit. Inventory Organization An organization for which you track inventory transactions and balances, and/or an organization that manufactures or distributes products. Examples include (but are not limited to) manufacturing plants, warehouses, distribution centers, and sales offices. The following applications secure information by inventory organization: Oracle Inventory, Bills of Material, Engineering, Work in Process, Master Scheduling/MRP, Capacity, and Purchasing receiving functions. To run any of these applications, you must choose an organization that has been classified as an inventory organization. You create sets of books using the Define Set of Books window in Oracle General Ledger. You define all other types of organizations using the Define Organization window. HR Organization HR organizations represent the basic work structure of any enterprise. They usually represent the functional management, or reporting groups that exist within a business group. In addition to these internal organizations, you can define other organizations for tax and government reporting purposes, or for third part payments. Organizations in Oracle Projects Oracle Projects allows you to define organization hierarchies to reflect your company's organizations structure. You can add Oracle Projects-specific organization types to the organization hierarchy (for example, projects organizations or Expenditure organizations) to help you to better manage your project control requirements. You assign project and expenditure hierarchies to operating units. Asset Organizations An asset organization is an organization that allows you to perform asset-related activities for a specific Oracle Assets corporate depreciation book. Oracle Assets uses only organizations designated as asset organizations
See Also
	Define Set of Books (Oracle General Ledger User Guide) Define Organizations (Implementing Oracle HRMS) Define Organization (Oracle Inventory User's Guide) Employees and Organizations (Oracle Projects User Guide) Asset Organizations (Oracle Assets User Guide)
Human Resources Organization Model
	With Oracle Human Resources, you can define multilevel organization hierarchies, with a business group at the top of each hierarchy. When you define new organizations, they are automatically assigned to the business group associated with your current session. Each organization is part of a business group. The business group is usually the top box on an enterprise organization chart, as in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1 - 1	Enterprise Organization Chart Example
[D]
	The business group is the largest organization unit you set up in Human Resources to represent your enterprises as an employer. After defining one or more business groups for your enterprise, you set up one or more government reporting entities (GREs) within each business group. The GRE is the organization that federal, state, and local governments recognize as the employer. Below this level, you represent the groupings in which employees work, such as branches, departments, or sections, by means of internal organizations. To enable the assignment of employees to an internal organization, you classify the internal organization as an HR organization. You can define external organizations in the same way as internal organizations, so that you can represent organizations that are not part of your enterprise (such as training vendors or tax offices). The major difference between internal and external organizations is that you cannot assign people to an external organization.
Accounting / Distribution / Materials Management Organization Model
	Using the accounting, distribution, and materials management functions in Oracle Applications, you define the relationships among inventory organizations, operating units, legal entities, and sets of books to create a multilevel company structure, as shown in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1 - 2	Multilevel Company Structure Example
[D]
	Legal Entities Post to a Set of Books Each organization classified as a legal entity identifies a set of books to post accounting transactions. Operating Units Are Part of a Legal Entity Each organization classified as an operating unit is associated with a legal entity. Inventory Organizations are Part of an Operating Unit Each organization classified as an inventory organization references an operating unit. Inventory Organization Determines Items Available to Order Management The Item Validation Organization parameter specifies which Oracle Manufacturing organization is used to validate inventory items. You must define all transactable items in this organization. Some inventory item attributes for Receivables and Order Management including Tax Code and Sales Account, are specific to an operating unit or an accounting flexfield structure. Therefore, you should define an item validation organization for each operating unit. See: Enabling Parameters (Oracle Order Management User's Guide) Inventory Organization Determines Items Available to Purchasing The inventory organization you specify in the financial options for each operating unit determines the items available in Purchasing. You can only choose an inventory organization that uses the same set of books as your operating unit. See: Define Organization (Oracle Inventory User's Guide)
Controlling Secure Access
	Data Security You can limit users to information relevant to their organization. For example, you can limit access for order administration clerks to sales orders associiated exclusively with their sales office. Inventory Organization Security by Responsibility You can specify which inventory organizations are available to users in each responsibility. The Choose Inventory Organization window automatically limits available inventory organizations to those authorized for the current responsibility. Responsibility Determines Operating Unit Your responsibility determines which operating unit you access when you use Oracle Applications. When you use Oracle Payables, Receivables, Order Management and Shipping Execution, Purchasing, Projects, and Sales Compensation you see information that is relevant to your operating unit. All transactions you create are automatically assigned to your operating unit. See: Define Responsibility (Oracle Applications System Administrator's Guide)
Sell And Ship Products From Different Legal Entities
	Sell from One Legal Entity, Ship from Another Legal Entity When yotu enter sales orders, you can choose any inventory organizaiion as the shipping warehouse. The shipping warehouse may be in a different legal entity than the operating unit that enters the sales order, and it may post to a different set of books. Use the Choose Organization Window to Choose Inventory Organization After you choose your responsibility to perform materials management functions using Oracle Inventory, Work in Process, Bills of Materials, Master Scheduling/MRP, Capacity, or Purchasing, you must use the Choose Organization window to pick an inventory organization. See: Define Intercompany Relations
Intercompany Accounting
	Automatic Intercompany Sales Recognition Sales orders created and shipped from one legal entity to a different legal entity automatically generate an intercompany invoice to record a sale between the two organizations. See: Define Intercompany Relations Posting Intercompany Invoices to Different Accounts You can define different accounts for Trade and Intercompany Cost of Goods Sold and Sales Revenue to eliminate intercompany profit. See: Intercompany Invoicing Accounting Details
Report at the Legal Entity or Set Of Books Level
	In addition to reporting at the operating unit level, you can report at the legal entity or set of books level. See: Multiply Organizations Reporting
Multiple Organizations in European Implementations
	There are some limitations for the Multiple Organizations feature which may affect European implementations. These are described in the Technical Overview chapter of this manual. See: Limitations on Multiple Operating Units per Set of Books For more detailed information about complying with country-specific statutory requirements and common business practices when using Oracle Financials, please refer to the User Guide for your country or region.

C H A P T E R 2	Multiple Organizations Setup and Implementation This chapter tells you everything you need to know about setting up multiple organizations, including: Developing the organization structure Defining organizations and their relationships Implementing Applications products Adding a new operating unit Using the Multiple Organizations Validation Report
Setting Up a Multiple Organization Enterprise
	This essay describes how to implement your organizational structure within the Oracle Applications Multiple Organization model. Before beginning this implementation, be sure you are familiar with the terminology Oracle uses for its business organization model. See: Overview These are the steps to follow when implementing the Multiple Organization support feature in Oracle Applications. Perform these steps when you are converting from a non-Multiple Organization setup to a Multiple Organization setup. If you need to add a new operating unit to an existing Multiple Organization setup, see: Adding a New Operating Unit. Develop the Organization Structure Define Sets of Books Define Locations Define Business Groups (optional) Associate Responsibilities with Business Groups Define Organizations Define Organization Relationships Define Responsibilities Set MO: Operating Unit Profile Option Convert to Multiple Organization Architecture Change Order Management Profile Option Set Profile Options Specific to Operating Units Define Inventory Organization Security (optional) Implement the Applications Products Secure Balancing Segment Values by Legal Entity (optional) Run the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report (recommended) Implement Document Sequencing (optional) Define Intercompany Relations (optional) Set Top Reporting Level Profile Option (optional) Set Conflict Domains (optional)
Implementing Multiple Organization Support
	This section uses a sample hierarchy to describe how to implement Oracle Applications Multiple Organization support.
Step 1	Develop the Organization Structure A successful implementation of Multiple Organization support in Oracle Applications depends primarily on defining your organizational structure in the multi-level hierarchy used by Oracle Applications. The levels are: Business groups Accounting sets of books Legal entities Operating units Inventory organizations Example 1 illustrates the organization structure.
See Also
	Overview Creating Organization Hierarchies (Using Oracle HRMS -The Fundamentals) Deciding on the Organization Structure First, you need to decide on the organizations you will use in your multiple organization implementation. The figure below shows a corporation with two business groups, three legal entities, four operating units, and five inventory organizations. This example organization structure is used throughout most of this chapter. Organization Structure Example
[D] [D]
	The business groups are U.S. and U.K. The U.S. business group consists of two legal entities — Western Division and Eastern Operations. These legal entities are assigned to the same set of books (US Operations) because they share the same functional currency, accounting flexfield structure, and calendar. The U.K. legal entity — UK Division — is assigned to a separate set of books (UK Operations) because its functional currency is different from that of the U.S. legal entities. The US Western Division legal entity consists of two operating units — Northwest Region and Southwest Region. The Northwest Region consists of two inventory organizations — Plant1 and Plant2. The Southwest Region has one inventory organization, named Plant 3. The US Eastern Operations legal entity is also an operating unit and inventory organization. The UK Division legal entity has one operating unit, named UK Sales Office. The operating unit has one inventory organization, named UK Plant.
Step 2	Define Sets of Books Use the Define Set of Books window to enter your sets of books. Note: If your enterprise structure requires that you define a business group, you should define sets of books before business groups. The table below explains what the set of books parameters are for our example hierarchy. Set of Books Name SOB Short Name Functional Currency Accounting Flexfield Structure Calendar U.S. Operations US_Op USD Standard Standard U.K. Operations UK_Op GBP Standard Standard Table 2 - 1 Examples of sets of books (Page 1 of 1) See: Define Set of Books (Oracle General Ledger User Guide)
Step 3	Define Locations Use the Define Location window to define names and addresses for the locations you use within your enterprise. You define each location once only. This saves you time if you have multiple organizations with the same location. You should define locations for your legal entities and inventory organizations. Oracle Applications products use locations for requisitions, receiving, shipping, billing, and employee assignments.
Step 4	Define Business Groups (optional) Note: This section applies to you if you have more than one business group, or if you do not choose to use the pre-defined business group provided by Oracle Applications. Oracle Applications secures human resources information, including organization definition, by business group. You must have at least one business group. For a fresh installation, Oracle Applications provides a pre-defined business group, Setup Business Group. You can define additional business groups as required for your enterprise. We recommend that you modify the pre-defined business group rather than defining a new one. If you define a new business group instead of modifying the pre-defined business group, you need to set the Business Group profile option at the responsibility level for the new business group. Oracle Human Resources automatically creates a security profile with the business group name when you define a new business group. You should define all your business groups before defining any other type of orgaiuzation. Note: If you plan to implement HRMS, you should consider its organization requirements when defining the organization structure. When considering multiple business groups, employee data will have to be entered and maintained for every business group using responsibilities linked to each business group. Consult your HR specialist for more information on HR organization considerations.
	To define additional business groups: Set the responsibility from which you define the organizations in the profile option HR: User Type to HR User, to get access to the Define Organizations window. This profile must be set for all responsibilities that use tables from Oracle Human Resources (for example, responsibilities used to define employees and organizations). Define all of your business groups at this step from a responsibility. Do not define any new organizations or organization hierarchies until you have associated each business group with a responsibility. You do this by setting the HR: Security Profile profile option for each responsibility. See: Profile Options (Customizing, Reporting, and System Administration in Oracle HRMS) After you have correctly associated your business groups with a responsibility, sign off and sign on again using the correct responsibility for the business group you want to define. For example, if you have a U.S. business group and a U.K. business group, select the responsibility attached to the U.S. business group to define the U.S. organization structure. Note: Oracle Human Resources automatically creates a view all security profile with the business group name. This enables you to view all records for your business group. Note: Oracle Human Resources allows you to use a single responsibility security model by enabling the Security Group. This allows you to access more than one business group from a responsibility. You should not use the single responsibility model in Multiple Organization products. See: Customizing, Reporting, and System Administration in Oracle HRMS
Step 5	Associate Responsibilities with Business Groups (optional) Note: This section applies to you if you have multiple business groups, or if you do not choose to use the default business group provided by Oracle Applications. If you have multiple business groups, you must associate each responsibility to one and only one business group. You associate a business group with a responsibility via the HR:Business Group system profile option. If you are upgrading to Multiple Organizations, you must also associate previously created responsibilities to the appropriate business group.
Step 6	Define Organizations Use the Define Organization window to define all your organizations. You can perform this step and the next step (Define Organization Relationships) at the same time. The steps are presented separately to emphasize the difference between the organizational entity and the role it plays in your organizational structure.
	To define legal entities, operating units, and inventory organizations: Log in to the responsibility associated with the business group for which you are defining an organization. Define a legal entity. It is then automatically attached to the correct business group. Define operating units. Define your inventory organizations for each operating unit that will have an inventory organization. Note: Do not define the inventory parameters at this point. If you have more than one business group, switch to the responsibility associated with the other business group and continue to define your organization structure. The following table summarizes information about the different organizations for our example hierarchy. Organization Name Legal Entity? Oper. Unit Inv. Org? Western Division Yes Yes Yes Eastern Operations Yes Yes Yes U.K. Division Yes     Northwest Region   Yes   Southwest Region   Yes   U.K. Sales Offifce   Yes   Plant 1     Yes Plant 2     Yes Plant 3     Yes U.K. Plant     Yes Table 2 - 2 Organizations (Page 1 of 1) See: Define Organization (Oracle Inventory User's Guide)
Step 7	Define Organization Relationships Use the Define Organization window to define organization relationships by assigning classifications to each organization. Attributes of certain classifications relate organizations and the roles they play. You can classify an organization as any combination of legal entity, operating unit, and inventory organization. Specify your organization classifications in the following order: Legal Entities Attach organizations designated as legal entities to a set of books. You must also specify a location in the Define Organization window. Use the Define Location window to define locations for your legal entities. Operating units Attach the operating units to the correct set of books and legal entity. Inventory organizations Attach the inventory organizations to the correct operating unit, legal entity, and set of books. If you have more than one business group, change to the responsibility associated with the other business group and continue defining your organization classification. Table 2-3 shows the information you must enter for each organization classification. Classification Information Type Required Attributes Business Group Business group information if Human Resources is installed. Otherwise, None. Short Name, Employee/Applicant Numbering, Key Flexfield Structures, Default Legislation Code, and Currency GRE/Legal Entity Legal Entity Accounting Set of Books, Location Operating Unit Operating Unit Information Legal Entity, Set of Books Inventory Organization Accounting Information Set of Books, Legal Entity, Operating Unit Table 2 - 3 Required information for organization classifications (Page 1 of 1) Special Considerations for Inventory Organizations All the inventory organizations in the above chart have been set up with the minimal amount of information to enable them in the Multiple Organization environment. This minimal amount is detailed in the table below. If you plan to implement Oracle Inventory, you need to follow the setup procedures for that product. See: Oracle Inventory User's Guide For a standalone Oracle Purchasing installation (without Oracle Inventoty), you must specify the minimum information shown in the following table: Sequence Additional Organization Information Required Information 1 Accounting information Set of books, legal entity, operating unit 2 Receiving information Three-character organization code, prefix serial (no dummy) 3 Inventory information All required accounts Table 2 - 4 (Page l of l) Location: You must specify a location for an organization classified as an inventory organization. You can assign any locations that is not assigned to a different inventory organization, or you can assign a location that is linked to the current inventory organization. Receiving Information: When you select the Receiving Information type, you navigate to the Receiving Options window. Use the Receiving Options window to define options that govern receipts in your system. You cannot receive items into an inventory organization until you specify receiving options for the organization. Inventory Information: When you select the Inventory Information type, you navigate to the Organization Parameter window. You must define the control options and account defaults for one inventory organization, the item master organization. Then you can easily assign items to other inventory organization without recreating all the item information. Use the Organization Parameter window to assign inventory organizations to the item master. The item master organization uses itself as the item master. There is no functional or technical difference between the item master organization and other inventory organizations. However, we recommend that you limit the item master to just an item definition organization. If you set up new inventory organizations in the future, you can assign the new items to only the item master and the new inventory organization. Note: You can navigate to the Receiving Options window and Organization Parameter window from the Define Organization window if you use one of the following pre-defined responsibilities: Purchasing Super User, Inventory, Inventory Item, Project Billing User, Project Costing Super User, Sales and Marketing Super User, and Territory Administrator.
Step 8	Define Responsibilities Use the Define Responsibility window to define responsibilities for each operating unit by application. When you sign on to Oracle Applications, the responsibility you choose determines the data, forms, menus, reports, and concurrent programs you can access. You should consider using naming conventions for the responsibility names id a Multiple Organization environment. It is a good idea to use abbreviations of the business function and the organization name to uniquely identify the purpose of the responsibility, for example, Payables Manager Northwest or Western Receivables Super User. See: Define Responsibility (Oracle Applications System Administrator's Guide)
Step 9	Set MO: Operating Unit Profile Option Oracle Applications uses the profile option MO: Operating Unit to link an operating unit to a responsibility. You must set this profile option for each responsibility. When you connect to the Oracle Applications, you sign on by entering your username and password. Then, you choose a responsibility that is available to your user. After you choose your responsibility, there is an initialization routine that reads the values for all profile options assigned to that responsibility, including the value for MO: Operating Unit. Oracle Applications allows you to see only the information for that particular operating unit that is assigned to your responsibility. You must also define the default operating unit by setting the MO: Operatiitig Unit profile option at the site level. If this is a fresh installation, the default operating unit can be any operating unit you have defined. If this is an existing installation, you should assign as the default operating unit the operating unit to which all existing data should belong. If you use Oracle General Ledger with automatic tax calculation enabled in a Multiple Organization environment, you must set the MO: Operating Unit profile option. Since General Ledger shares input and output tax codes with Oracle Payables and Oracle Receivables, you can use only tax codes that belong to your current responsibility's corresponding operating unit. However, General Ledger's Account Inquiry window ignores the operating unit profile setting. This allows you to drill down to your subledger details, regardless of which operating unit originated the transaction. If you use Oracle Training Administration (OTA) in a Multiple Organization environment, you must set the MO: Operating Unit profile option. This ensures that the OTA customer and supplier function woifks correctly in a Multiple Organization environment.
Step 10	Convert to Multiple Organization Architecture Ask your database administrator to run the Ad Administration utility (adadmin). One of the options in adadmin is to convert to Multiple Organization architecture. Choosing this option will enable the Multiple Organization Support feature as well as add operating unit context to all existing data. This process will also replicate seed data to all operating units that have been defined. Before running this step, you must define an operating unit and set the site-level AOL profile option MO: Operating Unit to use your new operating unit. This profile option tells adadmin what operating unit it should use when converting your existing data. If you define additional operating units, the seed data will be replicated for all operating units. The Convert to Multiple Organization Architecture option does not display on the menu if you already have Multiple Organizations installed in your database. You no longer need to run the Convert to Multiple Organizations Architecture option again since the Multiple Organizations architecture is built into the underlying applications. See: Maintaining Oracle Applications Manual
Step 11	Verify Order Management System Parameter Settings If you have different item validation organizations for each operating unit, verify the correct setting for each operating unit in the Order Management system parameter window. See: Enabling Parameters (Oracle Order Management User's Guide)
Step 12	Set Profile Options Specific to Operating Units Some profile options, including AR: Receipt Batch Source and AR: Transaction Hatch Source, reference data that is secured by operating unit. You must set these profile options at the responsibility level. You should choost a value corresponding to the operating unit of the responsibility. The following profile options need to be set for each responsibility for each operating unit where applicable: HR: Business Group (all responsibilities) HR: User Type The HR: User Type profile option limits field access on windows shared between Oracle Human Resources and other applications. If you do not use Oracle Payroll, it must be to HR User for all responsibilities that use tables from Oracle Human Resources (for example, responsibilities used to define employees and organizations). GL: Set of Books Name Oracle General Ledger forms use the GL:Set of Books profile option to determine your current set of books. If you have different sets of books for your operating units, you should set the GL:Set of Books profile option for each responsibility that uses Oracle General Ledger forms. INV: Intercompany Currency Conversion Tax: Allow Override of Tax Code Tax: Invoice Freight as Revenue Tax: Inventory Item for Freight Sequential Numbering
Step 13	Define Inventory Organization Security (optional) With inventory organization security you can restrict inventory organization access to specific responsibilities. You may want to restrict your manufacturing users to certain organizations according to your organizational hierarchy. This feature has the following characteristics: Until you assign an organization to a responsibility in this window, all responsibilities have access to all organizations. Once you have restricted any responsibilities to certain organizations, you must then explicitly define the organizations that all responsibilities can access. This feature does not restrict access once the user is in the product. Users with access to functions that cross multiple organizations (such as ATP, Inter-Organization Transfers, Item Search, Multi-Org Quantity Report, and so forth) can still specify any valid organization when running these functions.
Step 14	Implement the Applications Products After the steps above are complete, go into each operating unit and set up the Oracle Applications products. The following products must be set up for each operating unit in which you intend to perform the functions: Oracle Cash Management Oracle Order Management and Shipping Execution Oracle Payables Oracle Projects Oracle Purchasing Oracle Property Manager Oracle Receivables Oracle Release Accounting Oracle Sales Compensation Oracle Sales and Marketing Oracle Service European Localizations Latin America Localizations Regional Localizations Oracle Assets Oracle General Ledger, Oracle Inventory, and the rest of the Oracle Manufacturing products need to be set up only once for the installation, not once for each operating unit. To perform these setup procedures, follow the instructions in the product user guides.
Information Shared Across Organizations
	The following information is global, meaning it needs to by set up only once for the enterprise: Flexfield definitions Customer Header (customer site is at the operating unit level) Supplier Header (supplier site is at the operating unit level) All other information that is not listed below
Information Specific to Each Operating Unit
	The following setup data is stripped, meaning it must be set up for each operating unit: Cash Management System parameters Bank accounts Bank transaction codes Bank Statement open interface Reconciliation open interface Forecasting open interface Cash forecasting templates Order Management Hold sources Order types Holds Payables Supplier sites Matching tolerances Distribution sets Bank accounts Tax names and groups Reporting entities Financial options Expense report templates System options Projects Implementation options Expenditure types Non-labor resources Usage cost rate overrides Expenditure type cost rates Employee rates Burden schedules Bill rate schedules Resource list Project types Project templates AutoAccounting Purchasing Supplier sites Financial options Control rules/groups Purchasing options Job/position controls Freight carriers Document controls Receivables AutoAccounting Contact phones Customer address Customer relationships Customer bank accounts Customer call information (call records, topics) Distribution sets Transaction sources Lockbox definitions Memo lines Receipt sources Receivables activities Remit to address Remittance bank accounts Salesperson, sales territories assigned to salespersons System options Tax exemptions and exceptions Tax codes Tax rates Tax names and groups Transaction types VAT taxes Sales and Marketing Territories Territory types Territory groups Territory qualifiers Territory Accesses Interest types Interest codes Interest category sets Promotion word processors Collateral categories Sales stages Services Service parameters Access control templates For more information, see the Setup chapter for your product.
Step 15	Secure Balancing Segment Values by Legal Entity (optional) Use the Define Security Rule window to create rules that secure data entry of balancing segment values for each legal entity. Each security rule is composed of one or more security rule elements that specify a range of values to include or exclude. Organization Structure with Balancing Entities Example
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	The following table summarizes the information needed to define security rules for the Division value set of our example hierarchy. Value Set Security Rule Type Element Low Element High Element Division US Western Include 01 01 Division US Western Include 04 04 Division US Eastern Include 02 02 Division UK Include 03 03 Table 2 - 5 Security Rules for the Division Value Set (Page 1 of 1) Use the Assign Security Rules window to assign the same rule(s) to all responsibilities associated with the legal entity's operating units. The following table lists the responsibilities, value sets, and security rules for our example hierarchy. Responsibilities Value Set Security Rule All responsibilities for Northwest Region and Southwest Region operating units Division U.S. Western All responsibilities for Eastern Operations operating unit Division U.S. Eastern All responsibilities for UK Sales Office operating unit Division U.K. Table 2 - 6 Security Rules Assigned to Operating Units (Page 1 of 1) If you need to further secure balancing segment values for each operating unit of a legal entity, you can define additional rules and assign them to all responsibilities associated with the relevant operating units. If, for example, you need to restrict the Northwest Region operating unit to balancing segment value 01 and the Southwest Region to balancing segment value 04, you can add the rules described in the following table. Value Set Security Rule Type Element Low Element High Element Division Northwest Include 01 01 Division Southwest Include 04 04 Table 2 - 7 Security Rules for Operating Units (Page 1 of 1) In addition to the previous rule assignments, you can assign the new rules to all responsibilities associated with the two operating units, as illustrated in the table below. When you assign multiple rules to the same responsibility, only the overlapping values of the rules are available to users of the responsibility. Responsibilities Value Set Security Rule All responsibilities for Northwest Region operating unit Division Northwest All responsibilities for Southwest Region operating unit Division Southwest Table 2 - 8 Security Rules Assigned to Operating Units (Page 1 of 1)
Step 16	Run the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report (recommended) After you have implemented Multiple Organizations, run the Setup Validation Report to identify any setup problems. Some of the errors that the report finds may be deleted optionally by running this report, while others require that you change your setup. All suggested changes can be confirmed optionally so that you may retain your implementation even if it fails validation. See: Multi-Org Setup Validation Report
Step 17	Implement Document Sequencing (Optional) After you have implemented Multiple Organizations and run the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report, you have the option to set up document sequencing (a common requirement for European countries) for each application that supports document sequencing. Sequence assignments are controlled at the set of books level. See: Document Sequences (Oracle Applications System Administrator's Guide)
Step 18	Define Intercompany Relations (Optional) This step is only necessary when using the Multiple Organization Intercompany Invoicing functionality. Intercompany relations need to be defined for each Selling/Shipping relationship in your organization. Defining these relationships will allow for the production of automatic intercompany invoices. To enable this the following steps must be completed: Define Customers Define Suppliers Define Transaction Type Define Intercompany Relations Define Oracle Receivables System Options Define Oracle Receivables Invoice Batch Source Define Oracle Receivables Invoice Profile Options Define Oracle Payables Invoice Profile Options Use the Account Generator to generate the Cost of Goods Sold account
See Also
	Intercompany Invoicing Using the Account Generator to Generate Intercompany COGS Accounts
Step 19	Set Top Reporting Level Profile Option (optional) You need to define your reporting levels by setting the MO: Top Reporting Level profile option. To do this, you set you top reporting level to one of the following: Set of Books Legal Entity Operating Unit You will foe able to report on anything that is within the reporting level. The default value is Operating Unit. See: Multiple Organization Reporting
Step 20	Set Up Conflict Domains (optional) A conflict domain is an abstract representation of the groupings used to partition your data. When a program is listed as incompatible with another, the two programs cannot run simultaneously in the same conflict domain. Two incompatible concurrent programs may run simultaneously if they are submitted in different conflict domains. To maximize the concurrency in a multiple organization environment, you can set up conflict domains for your operating units. All programs are assigned a conflict domain when they are submitted. The following determines the conflicts domain you use when you submit a concurrent request: The value of the concurrent program parameter which is defined as Conflict Domain parameter The value of the Concurrent: Conflicts Domain profile option If you do not define any conflict domain, the Standard conflict domain is used.
	To define a profile option conflict domain: Define Concurrent Conflict Domains Any alphanumeric string can be used as a Conflicts Domain name. You can use an operating unit name, a legal entity name, or a set of books name as the domain name. You are allowed to define as many as domains as you need. Since you cannot delete conflicts domains, you should keep the domains to a necessary minimum. Set the Concurrent: Conflicts Domain profile option The profile can be set at Site, Application, Responsibility and User levels.
	To define a concurrent program parameter as the conflicts domain parameter: Navigate to the Concurrent Program window. Query up the program you want to define conflict domain. Click on the Parameters. Use the Concurrent Program Parameter window to define the conflict domain parameter. You can choose one of the concurrent program parameters as the conflict domain parameter.
Changing the Organization Structure
	At some point, your company may need to make organization changes. Companies usually make organization changes to better adapt themselves to the new business needs and challenges of the market. One type of organization change you can make is to discontinue one organization. You can use the Define Organizations window to discontinue one organization by putting an end date in its definition. You can perform other organization changes by enabling or disabling organization classifications, or changing the classification attributes. When you do that, you must consider the following: The Define Organizations window does not re-validate the relationships among legal entities, operating units, and inventory organizations. You should not try to move one set of books or legal entity to another because your data may not be valid for the new set of books or legal entity. Instead, you should disable the old organization and create a new one for the appropriate set of books or legal entity. The new organization will contain your new data, and the disabled organization will act as an old or history entity that stores past transactions. If you create a new organization, you can still access your historical transactions by logging to the responsibility tied to the disabled organization. To enter new transactions, you must log into the responsibility tied to the new organization. The data for each of the two organizations are kept separate from one another, and must be accessed separately.
Adding a New Operating Unit
	The following steps are required to add new operating units to your organizational structure: Revise the Organization Structure. See: Develop the Organization Structute. Define Sets of Books (optional). See: Define Sets of Books. Define Locations. See: Define Locations. Define Organizations. See: Define Organizations. Define Relationships. See: Define Organization Relationships. Define Responsibilities. See: Define Responsibilities. Set Profile Options for Each Responsibility linked to the new Operating Unit. See: Set MO: Operating Unit Profile Option. Run the Replicate Seed Data concurrent program. See: Seed Data Replication. Set profile options specific to operating units. See: Set Profile Options Specific to Operating Units. Define Inventory Organization Security (optional). See: Define Inventory Organization Security. Implement the Application Products. See: Implement the Application Products. Secure balancing Segment Values (optional). See: Secure Balancing Segment Values by Legal Entity. Run the Setup Validation Report (recommended). See: Run the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report. Implement Document Sequencing (optional). See: Implement Document Sequencing. Define Intercompany Relations (optional). See: Define Intercompany Relations. Set the top reporting level (optional). See: :Set Top Reporting Level Profile Option. Set up conflict domains (optional). See: :Set Up Conflict Domains.
Multi-Org Setup Validation Report
	Use the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report to identify problems in your Multiple Organization setup. If you detect setup problems, you can use the report to help you correct them. To submit the Multi-Org Setup Validation Report, use the Submit Request window in the System Administrator responsibility.
Report Parameters
	You must enter a value for each of the following parameters: Active Responsibility Only: Enter Yes or No to indicate whether you want to validate only the active responsibilities on the report. The default Value is Yes. Correct Customer Attributes: Enter Yes or No to indicate whether you want to correct the customer attributes. If you choose Yes, the report deletes the operating unit-specific data from the Customer records. The default value is No. Correct Supplier Attributes: Enter Yes or No to indicate whether you want to correct the supplier attributes. If you choose Yes, the report deletes ihe operating unit-specific data from the supplier records. The default value is no.
Report Sections
	The report consists of the following sections: Active Responsibilities Customers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes Suppliers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes Profile Option Errors and Warnings
Active Responsibilities Only
	The report prints the value of the Active Responsibility Only parameter you specified in the first page of the report.
Customers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes
	This section of the report indicates that you have data defined at the customer level that is allowed only at the customer site level. This generally occurs when you convert to Multiple Organization support from a non-Multiple Organization implementation. The report indicates if any data has been entered at the customer level in the following fields by printing an asterisk (*) in the column for a particular customer: Salesperson (report data appears under the Primary Salesrep column) Order Type Dunning Site Statement Site Tax Code Carrier (report data appears under the Ship Via column) The report warns you that this data exists in the database. If you choose Yes for the Correct Customer Attributes report parameter, the report deletes the operating unit-specific data from the customer records.
Suppliers with Operating Unit Specific Attributes
	This section of the report indicates that you have data defined at the supplier level that is allowed only at the supplier site level. This generally occurs when you convert to Multiple Organization support from a non-Multiple Organization implementation. The report indicates if any data has been entered at the supplier level in the following fields by printing an asterisk (*) in the column for a particular supplier: Liability Account Prepaytnent Account Distribution Set Statement Site Invoice Tax Name Offset Tax Name The report warns you that this data exists in the database. If you choose Yes for the Correct Supplier Attributes report parameter, the report deletes the operating unit specific data from the customer records.
Profile Option Errors and Warnings
	This section provides information on profile options that may be invalid. All profile option values in question are listed for your review. You need to correct the profile options manually. The report may list any combination of the following violations: Not all Responsibilities in current operating unit have the same option Value All responsibilities in one operating unit must share the same values for the following profile options: HR: Business Group Tax: Allow Override of Tax Code Tax: Invoice Freight as Revenue Tax: Inventory Item for Freight The Validation Report indicates a violation for the operating units with inconsistent profile option values and lists the values, which are set at the responsibility level, or are defaulted from the site or application level. Option is not set to correct value The INV: Intercompany Currency Conversion profile option must be the same for the responsibilities involved in intercompany transactions. The system predefines a value of Corporate for this profile at the site level. The Multi-Org Setup Validation Report indicates a violation for the operating units if the value is overridden at the site or application levels. Sequential Numbering option differs among responsibilities All responsibilities in one operating unit must share the same sequence numbering option. The Multi-Org Setup Validation Report indicates a violation for the operating units with inconsistent profile option values and lists the values, which are set at the responsibility level, or which are defaulted from the site or application level.

C H A P T E R 3	Intercompany Accounting This chapter tells you everything you need to know about intercompany accounting, including: Selling from one organization and shipping from another Automatic creation of intercompany invoices
Intercompany Invoicing
	When a sales order is entered in an operating unit, the shipping warehouse is often part of a separate operating unit belonging to a separate set of books. After the sales order is shipped to the customer, the inventory asset account for the shipping organization is credited and the cost of goods sold account is debited. At the same time, sales revenue must be recognized in the order entry organization. Since the cost of goods sold account is derived from the shipping organization, if the two organizations belong to two different operating units, the system must perform certain accounting distributions to record the intercompany revenue, receivable, and payable entries.
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Basic Business Needs
	Oracle Applications provides you with the features you need to satisfy the following basic business needs. Enter sales orders from one operating unit and assign a shipping warehouse under a different operating unit. Automatically create intercompany payable and receivable invoices to record intercompany revenue, payables and receivables. Eliminate intercompany profit in the general ledger.
Major Features
	Automate Intercompany Sales Recognition You can assign a shipping warehouse under a different operating unit to a sales order. The system automatically records an intercompany sale between the shipping organization and the selling organization by generating intercompany invoices. Segregating Trade and Intercompany COGS and Revenue You can define different accounts for Trade and Intercompany COGS and Sales Revenue to eliminate intercompany profits' Transfer Pricing. You can establish your transfer pricing in intercompany invoices through Oracle Order Management and Shipping Execution's price lists. Overview of Pricing (Oracle Order Management and Shipping Execution User's Guide) Extensible Architecture At key event points in the programs, stored procedure callbacks have been installed, including invoice and invoice line creations, and the transfer pricing algorithm. You can insert PL/SQL code to append or replace existing program logic to fulfill your specific business requirements.
Intercompany Invoicing Accounting Details
	A sales office in the French operating unit sells products to a customer. The products are then shipped from a shipping organization under the German operating unit. When the shipments of the order are confirmed, inventory transactions record the material movements. These inventory transactions generate the accounting distributions shown in the following table, which are recorded in the German operating unit's Oracle Inventory accounting distribution table MTL_TRANSACTION_ACCOUNTS: Account Debit Credit Cost of Goods Sold (via Account Generator) German Unit Cost x Qty   Inventory Valuation   German Unit Cost x Qty The Oracle Receivables Interface process in Oracle Order Management and Shipping Execution creates the invoice distributions shown in the following table, in Oracle Receivables (applicable taxes excluded) for the French operating unit: Account Debit Credit Trade Receivables (Selling Price x Qty) + Freight Amount   Trade Revenue   (Selling Price x Qty) Freight   Freight Amount The Create Intercompany AR Invoices process generates an intercompany receivable invoice from the German legal entity to the French legal entity using the AutoInvoice mechanism. The transaction date stamp on the inventory shipment transaction is the transaction date in the invoice lines. The transfer price of the product is extracted from the price list associated with the two legal entities. The inventory transaction in the German shipping organization is shown in the following table: Account Debit Credit Intercompany COGS German Unit Cost x Qty   Inventory Valuation   German Unit Cost x Qty The customer invoicing transaction in the French sales organization is shown in this table: Account Debit Credit Trade Receivables Selling Price x Qty   Trade Revenue   Selling Price x Qty The intercompany receivable set up in the German shipping organization is shown in the following table: Account Debit Credit Intercompany Receivables Transfer Price x Qty   Intercompany Revenue   Transfer Price x Qty The currency defined in the price list is the transaction currency for the new accounting distributions. The applicable exchange rates are applied by AutoInvoice if the currency of the price list is different from functional currencies of the two legal entities. After AutoInvoice is invoked to process the intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices, a second concurrent program, Create Intercompany AP Invoices, creates intercompany payable invoices from the intercompany receivable invoices and the corresponding accounting distributions. The following table shows the inventory transaction recorded in the German shipping organization: Account Debit Credit Cost of Goods Sold (via Account Generator) German Unit Cost x Qty   Inventory Valuation   German Unit Cost x Qty The next table shows the recording of the customer invoice by the French sales organization: Account Debit Credit Trade Receivables (Selling Price x Qty) + Freight Amount   Trade Revenue   Selling Price x Qty Freight   Freight Amount The next table shows the intercompany Oracle Receivables invoice to the French sales organization, recorded by the German shipping organization: Account Debit Credit Intercompany Receivables (Transfer Price x Qty) + Freight Amount   Intercompany Revenue   Transfer Price x Qty Freight   Freight Amount The last table shows the intercompany Oracle Payables invoice to German shipping organization, recorded by the French sales organization: Account Debit Credit Trade COGS (via Account Generator) Transfer Price x Qty   Freight (Oracle Payables) Freight Amount   Intercompany Payable   (Transfer Price x Qty) + Freight Amount
Prerequisites
	Before using the Intercompany Invoicing processes, you must complete the following steps: Define your intercompany relations. Define your Oracle Receivables system options. Define your Oracle Payables system options. Define your tax structures in Oracle Payables and Oracle Receivables. Set up the Account Generator for the Cost of Goods Sold accounts. Define Intercompany Relations For each pair of selling and shipping operating units, you must define: a customer/customer site combination, defined in the shipping organization's operating unit, to represent each selling entity. This customer /customer site combination is used in intercompany receivable invoices an invoice transaction type defined in the shipping organization's operating unit a supplier/supplier site combination, defined under the selling organization, to represent each shipping entity. This supplier/supplier site combination is used in intercompany payable invoices am operating unit to each inventory organization for creating an intercompany Oracle Receivables invoice
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	The customer site of the intercompany receivable invoice is determined from the selling operating unit, and the supplier site of the intercompany payable invoice is determined from the shipping operating unit. The currency of the price list associated with the customer site is the currency in the intercompany invoices. Define Intercompany Relations Oracle Receivables System Options Since the Create Intercompany AR Invoices process does not always generate sales credit information to Oracle Receivables, the Require Salesrep flag must be set to No. Define System Options (Oracle Receivables User Guide) Oracle Receivables Invoice Batch Source An invoice batch source indicates the source of an invoice that you transfer to Oracle Receivables. It also determines how AutoInvoice processes an invoice. All intercompany invoices generated by the Create Intercompany AR Invoices process use the predefined batch source Intercompany. Modifying this invoice batch source may cause unexpected failures during AutoInvoice. Attention: AutoAccounting uses sales credit records to construct distribution accounts based on salesreps. If you use salesreps in one or more account segment assignments for a particular operating unit, set the Allow Sales Credit Flag to Yes for the Intercompany batch source in that operating unit. Tax Structure in Oracle Payables and Oracle Receivables If you need to apply tax to the intercompany invoices, you must set up identical tax structures (tax codes and rates) in Oracle Payables and Oracle Receivables so intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices can be mirrored correctly into intercompany Oracle Payables invoices. Taxes (Oracle Payables User Guide) Tax Overview (Oracle Receivables User Guide) Account Generator The Create Intercompany AP Invoices process uses the Account Generator process named Inventory Cost of Goods Sold Account to construct the expense account for regular invoice lines. You must set up this process before you can use the Create Intercompany AP Invoices process. Create Intercompany AP Invoices Using the Account Generator to Generate the Intercompany COGS Account
User Procedures
	Period Close Procedures Before closing accounting periods in Oracle Inventory, Oracle Receivables and Oracle Payables, it is recommended that you execute this program and process all outstanding intercompany shipment transactions before performing other period close procedures, including but not limited to posting to Oracle General Ledger, in the respective applications. Foreign Currency Exchange Rates The intercompany invoice creation programs do not prompt you to enter an exchange rate when the intercompany invoice is a foreign currency invoice. You should ensure that all the required exchange rates are available in Oracle General Ledger.
Process Flow for Intercompany Invoicing
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Create Intercompany AR Invoices
	Use this process to create intercompany receivables invoices for product shipments and freight charges that are initiated from sales orders belonging to a different operating unit. Each intercompany invoice line you create is inserted into the Oracle Receivables invoice interface tables and is processed by Oracle Receivables' AutoInvoice process. The Create Intercompany AR Invoices process uses its own batch source, Intercompany, and its own Transaction Line Flexfield definition. Other information required to create an invoice, such as customer, customer site, and transaction type, is retrieved from the intercompany relations. Attention: To insert rows for multiple operating units, use the ALL views and populate the org_id column explicitly. You can determine an operating unit's org_id by querying the HR_OPERATING_UNITS view: SELECT name, organization_id FROM HR_OPERATING_UNITS; When you import rows from open interface tables, only rows for your current operating unit are processed. Profile Options The profile options listed in the following table affect the Create Intercompany AR Invoices process: Profile Option Effect on Process INV: Intercompany Currency Conversion Determines the conversion type for foreign currency invoices Tax: Allow Override of Tax Code Determines whether tax code information should be passed to Oracle Receivables for freight Tax: Invoice Freight as Revenue Indicates whether freight lines should be invoiced as revenue lines Tax: Inventory Item for Freight Use this inventory item when freight lines are invoiced as revenue lines Table 3-1 Create Intercompany AR Invoices: Profile Options (Page 1 of 1) Attention: The Create Intercompany AR Invoices program examines the profile option values of all the responsibilities for an operating unit. If only one responsibility has a particular profile option set, that value is used. If values exist for two or more responsibilities, and the values are identical, the value is used. If profile option values differ between responsibilities, the Create Intercompany AR Invoices program produces an error. Finally, if a profile option is not set for any responsibility, the site value is used. Invoicing Shipment Transactions The Create Intercompany AR Invoices process creates invoice lines for order shipment transactions in Oracle Inventory where the shipping warehouse does not belong to the order entry operating unit. Invoicing Freight Charges The Create Intercompany AR Invoices process creates invoice lines for freight charges in Oracle Order Management and Shipping Execution when the shipment transactions from the corresponding picking slips are being invoiced. AutoInvoice The Oracle Receivables AutoInvoice program processes the records inserted into the interface tables by the Create Intercompany AR Invoices process. The AutoInvoice program validates the records and creates invoices, invoice lines, distributions and payment schedules for both shipment transactions and freight charges. Using AutoInvoice (Oracle Receivables User Guide) Intrastat Movement Statistics When movement statistics records are kept for the shipment transactions, the Create Intercompany AR Invoices program delinks the customer invoice from the movement record and creates a new link to the intercompany invoice.
Process Submission
	From an Oracle Inventory responsibility, use the Submit Request window and enter Create Intercompany AR Invoices in the Request Name field. Then enter the parameters shown below.
Process Parameters
	Shipping Operating Unit Enter the shipping operating unit for which you want to generate intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices. Leave this field blank to generate invoices for all shipping operating units. Line Description Enter the description you wish to appear on the invoice lines. Leave this field blank if you want to use the item description as the invoice line description.
Create Intercompany AP Invoices
	Use this process to copy intercompany receivable invoices created by the Create Intercompany AR Invoices process into Oracle Payables. This process creates invoices in the XpenseXpress tables with its own import source name and is processed by Oracle Payables' Invoice Import process. Other information required to create an invoice, such as supplier and supplier site, is retrieved from the intercompany relations. Profile Option The profile option listed in the following table affects the operation of the Create Intercompany AP Invoices process: Profile Option Effect on Process INV: Intercompany Currency Conversion Determines the conversion type for foreign currency invoices Table 3-2 Create Intercompany AP Invoices: Profile Option (Page 1 of 1) Payables Invoice Import The Oracle Payables Invoice Import program processes the records inserted into the interface tables by the Create Intercompany AP Invoices process. The Invoice Import program validates the records and creates invoices, invoice distributions and payment schedules. All invoices created by the Create Intercompany AP Invoices program have Intercompany as their source. Invoice Import (Oracle Payables User Guide) Attention: To insert rows for multiple operating units, use the ALL views and explicitly populate the org_id column. You can determine an operating unit's org_id by querying the HR_OPERATING_UNITS view: SELECT name, organization_id FROM HR_OPERATING_UNITS; When you import rows from open interface tables, only rows for your current operating unit are processed. Intercompany Cost of Goods Sold Account The Create Intercompany AP Invoices process uses the Account Generator to construct a Cost of Goods Sold Accounting Flexfield combination (Intercompany COGS account) for each regular invoice line in the intercompany payables invoices. Using the Account Generator to Generate the Intercompany COGS Account
Process Submission
	From an Oracle Inventory responsibility, use the Submit Request window and enter Create Intercompany AP Invoices in the Request Name field. Then enter the parameters shown below.
Process Parameters
	Selling Qperating Unit Enter the selling operating unit for which you want to copy intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices and generate intercompany Oracle Payables invoices. Leave this field blank to generate invoices for all selling operating units. Header Description Enter the description you want to appear on the invoices. Leave this field blank if you do not want to have a description for the invoices. Line Description Enter the description you want to appear on the invoice line. Leave this field blank if you want to copy the invoice line description from the Intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices.
Define Intercompany Relations
[D]
	Use the Intercompany Relations window to define intercompany relations used for creating intercompany invoices from cross-operating unit sales order shipments.
Prerequisites
	Before you can use this window you must do the following: Define a customer and customer site in the inventory organization's operating unit that corresponds to the order entry operating unit. Define a supplier and supplier site in the order entry operating unit that corresponds to the shipping organization. Define the invoice transaction type.
Intercompany Relations Window Reference
	Selling Operating Unit Enter the selling operating unit for which to define an intercompany relationship. The list of values displays only the organizations defined as operating units for which no intercompany relationship has been defined. Shipping Operating Unit Enter the Shipping Operating Unit for which to define an intercompany relationship. The list of values displays only the organizations denned as operating units. If the window is called from an Oracle Manufacturing responsibility, it automatically displays the operating unit associated with the current inventory organization and this field becomes non-updatable. Customer Enter the customer associated with the shipping organization that corresponds to the selling organization. You may enter either the customer name or customer number. Enter Customer Information (Oracle Receivables User Guide) Customer Location Enter the customer location, if the customer has multiple locations. This customer location must be a "Bill To" site. Transaction Type Enter the invoice transaction type to be used on the intercompany Oracle Receivables invoices. Define Transaction Types (Oracle Receivables User Guide) Supplier Enter the supplier associated with the selling organization that corresponds to the shipping organization. About Suppliers (Oracle Payables User Guide) Supplier Site If it is available, enter the supplier site associated with the selling organization that corresponds to the shipping organization. This supplier site must be a purchasing site. Freight Account Enter the freight account used as the expense account in the intercompany Oracle Payables invoices in the line type 'FREIGHT'. The list of valyes is restricted to the Chart of Accounts of the selling organization. Revalue Average Enable this check box if you want to revalue the average cost in the selling operating unit when creating the intercompany Oracle Payables invoices.

C H A P T E R 4	Technical Overview This chapter gives you an overview of the technical architecture of multiple organizations, including: Oracle schemas Data partitioning via database views Case study of a multiple organization implementation Converting to Multiple Organizations Seed data replication Multiple Organizations Reporting API Limitations
Multiple Organization Support Technical Overview
	The multiple organization support feature uses nativ